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Is CBD Safe For Dogs?
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If you follow the pet industry, you may have noticed the rise of pet supplements and natural health solutions. One of the most popular pet products today is CBD for dogs. The CBD pet market was worth a reported $195 million in 20221 and is only expected to grow.
Of course, the effects of CBD on dogs haven't been as extensively studied as on humans, so while preliminary studies show it may be effective for managing pain and potentially preventing illness, pet parents should be cautious of the products they give their pets.
- What Is CBD?
- Is CBD Good For Dogs?
- CBD Safety & Efficacy Is Still Being Studied
- How To Determine If CBD Is Right For Your Dog
- FAQs
- Final Notes
What Is CBD?
Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the most active ingredients in cannabis — the other is THC, a chemical that causes psychoactive effects when consumed. CBD is derived from the hemp plant, and unlike THC, it does not create the "high" when used by itself.2 In other words, CBD has no psychoactive or addictive properties. Unlike THC products, all CBD products that contain 0.3 percent or less of THC are legal in the US.3
The effects of CBD in humans have been studied for many years, and many believe CBD offers health benefits, such as treating epilepsy and a wide range of illnesses.2 Animal studies and self-reports have also suggested that CBD may help with anxiety, insomnia, chronic pain, and addiction in humans.2 However, further human studies are needed to determine its effectiveness.
Meanwhile, many pet companies have taken what they've learned from animal studies and anecdotal evidence to create CBD products for pets, which may offer the same health benefits. However, more studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of treating certain conditions in dogs.
Make sure to consult your veterinarian before giving your pet CBD.
CBD for pets is available in a few different forms, including:
- CBD oil: CBD oil for dogs is one of the easiest ways to give your dog CBD because it allows you to easily control the dosage. These tinctures allow you to drop CBD directly into your dog's mouth or on food to help them quickly feel the effects.
- CBD treats: CBD treats for dogs are another easy option for pets, especially dogs who won't take CBD oil for dogs by mouth. However, you should always keep any CBD treats for dogs closed and in a place where they can't get to them.
Additionally, there are several types of CBD oil for dogs, including full-spectrum, broad-spectrum, and isolate.
- Full spectrum: Full-spectrum CBD oil for dogs contains trace amounts of THC because it contains all of the plant compounds found in the hemp plant, including CBD and other cannabinoids like terpenes. It's considered the best CBD for dogs because it produces something called "the entourage effect," which is the effect that cannabinoids and other compounds in cannabis work together to enhance their overall effect. These hemp products can legally not contain more than 0.03% THC, which is considered insignificant. However, if you give your dog too much, it can cause THC poisoning.
- Broad-spectrum: Broad-spectrum CBD for dogs contains hemp compounds like cannabinoids and terpenes. It is created by isolating or removing the desirable plant compounds and re-combining them to create a broad-spectrum product. Because of this, they contain zero THC, making them much safer for pets.
- Isolate: CBD isolate is pure CBD and doesn't contain any other hemp plant compounds.
Marijuana Is Toxic To Pets
CBD is most commonly derived from hemp, while THC is derived from cannabis (marijuana). While these plants come from the same plant, they're not the same. THC is the psychoactive compound in marijuana responsible for the high. This compound is toxic to pets.4 However, while THC and CBD are the most studied compounds in marijuana right now, there are over 500 compounds and 100 cannabinoids identified in cannabis plants.4
Marijuana is one of many poisonous plants to cats and dogs because it contains THC. THC poisoning in pets is more common than you might think, especially in states where marijuana is legal. Therefore, dogs who consume cannabis should be taken to the nearest emergency veterinary clinic as soon as possible to prevent accidental death.
Unfortunately, even small amounts of THC can affect pets, so it's not safe to give your pet just any type of product made from cannabis. Instead, if you want to try CBD for dogs, you can purchase products with zero THC directly from pet product manufacturers or pet stores.
Is CBD Good For Dogs?
CBD for dogs is relatively safe, and studies have shown that it can benefit dogs suffering from arthritis or epilepsy.5 Additionally, anecdotal evidence from pet parents has demonstrated the effectiveness of CBD in reducing pain, increasing mobility, and even reducing anxiety.
However, many of these statements haven't been studied well enough to determine just how effective or good CBD is for dogs' health.
Benefits
Again, there isn't enough research to say there are definitive health benefits of CBD for dogs. However, results of animal and human studies have demonstrated a possibility that CBD may be able to help with several conditions in dogs, including the following:
- Arthritis: CBD shares similar effects to anti-inflammatory medications, and it may be effective for treating arthritis and joint pain. For example, a Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine study found that dogs given CD improved pain relief.6
- Itchiness: CBD may reduce itchiness and inflammation in dogs, according to several studies. One Australian study conducted by CannPal found their CBD products reduced inflammation after two months of treatment, while other companies have found their product reduces the reports of itchiness in dogs by pet parents.6
- Cancer: Cannabis has long been used to reduce cancer symptoms in humans. However, CBD and other cannabinoids may prevent metastasis, according to a Cornell University study. The study of CBD, dogs, and cancer revealed that CBD used with chemotherapy drugs reduced cancer cell proliferation in vitro more than chemotherapy alone.6
- Anxiety: CBD has also been used as a natural alternative to anxiety medication. Unfortunately, while many pet parents claim CBD has reduced their pet's anxiety, no controlled study has proven its effectiveness. That said, a study from the University of Western Australia revealed that shelter dogs with aggressive tendencies exhibited less aggression after 15 days of CBD.6 Since we know that aggression or reactivity is typically fear-based due to anxiety, this study may help us understand whether CBD effectively treats anxiety or behavioral issues in dogs. That said, other studies have demonstrated that CBD is not effective at reducing anxiety in dogs. For example, a University of Kentucky study measured anxiety to noise. In this study, CBD didn't have a significant effect compared to Trazodone, an anxiety medication for dogs.
- Seizures: Seizures are one of the most studied use cases for CBD in humans, but there's limited research on its efficacy for dogs. Some research suggests that CBD may help reduce the frequency of seizures in some dogs as long as they continue to take their anti-seizure medication. Controlled studies haven't had significant results, and CBD didn't work for every dog in a study conducted by Colorado State University.6
Risks
Is CBD safe for dogs? Since it doesn't contain THC, it's considered generally safe. However, CBD might not work for your pet, which isn't necessarily a risk, but many pet parents say they see no improvements in their dog's condition after months of using CBD daily. Other risks of CBD include behavioral or cognitive changes and physiological effects like vomiting and diarrhea. Of course, more research is needed to understand the potential side effects.
CBD Safety & Efficacy Is Still Being Studied
CBD safety and efficacy are still being studied for humans and pets. Still, it has obtained positive results in several human cases, and anecdotal reports from pet parents may give us more insight into its efficacy in dogs. For example, one study into the safety and clinical efficacy of cannabidiol treatment in dogs with arthritis found that CBD oil significantly decreased pain while increasing activity.7 Meanwhile, another study found that Cannabis sativa L. may reduce aggressiveness towards humans in shelter dogs.8
How To Determine If CBD Is Right For Your Dog
Again, the study of canine CBD efficacy and safety is still in its infancy. If you decide to give your dog CBD, talk to your vet first to ensure it's safe for them, and continue to monitor their health and behavior while taking it.
Whether your dog has anxiety or arthritis, other proven treatment methods exist. However, many pet parents may opt for CBD because it has fewer reported side effects. Still, only you can decide what's best for your pet based on the information you obtain from your vet.
FAQs
Can CBD be toxic to dogs?
When given in large doses, CBD can be toxic to dogs, especially if it contains THC. However, since CBD for dogs contains trace amounts of THC, the most it's likely to do is cause diarrhea or other GI issues. In addition, if your dog is taking medicine, CBD may cause interactions, so always check with your vet before giving your dog any CBD products.
How does CBD make a dog feel?
CBD is unlikely to make your dog feel any different. Instead, studies have shown it may help them feel calmer and less anxious, producing a calming effect that might make them appear more sleepy.
How long does it take for CBD to take effect?
How long it takes CBD to take effect depends on the product. For example, the body can absorb tinctures given under the dog's tongue within thirty minutes. However, ingesting it in treats or giving your dog drops to swallow will take longer.
Do vets recommend CBD for dogs?
Vets have mixed feelings about CBD for dogs. Some believe it can effectively reduce the side effects and even treat many illnesses. However, others prefer to give your dog medication that's been proven to work. Ultimately, your vet should be able to educate you on your options for treating your dog to help you make the best decision for them.
Final Notes
Is CBD safe for dogs? In general, CBD is safe for pets. However, it hasn't been proven effective at treating various conditions pet parents use it for. That said, as long as you talk to your veterinarian to ensure it's safe for your pet, it shouldn't cause any adverse side effects when given in the proper dose.
Still, most vets don't suggest giving your dog CBD when diagnosed with an illness because there's not enough evidence to prove its efficacy. Instead, they may suggest medications they know and trust. Is CBD right for your dog? Talk to a Dutch vet today to discuss your dog's health needs and help us find the right treatment. Try Dutch telemedicine for pets today.
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References
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“CBD Pet Market Size, Share & Growth Analysis Report, 2030.” CBD Pet Market Size, Share & Growth Analysis Report, 2030, https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/cannabidiol-pet-market.
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Peter Grinspoon, MD. “Cannabidiol (CBD): What We Know and What We Don't.” Harvard Health, 24 Sept. 2021, https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/cannabidiol-cbd-what-we-know-and-what-we-dont-2018082414476.
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Akpan, Nsikan, and Jamie Leventhal. “Is CBD Legal? Here's What You Need to Know, According to Science.” PBS, Public Broadcasting Service, 12 July 2019, https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/is-cbd-legal-heres-what-you-need-to-know-according-to-science.
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“Pets on Pot-Just High or Highly Dangerous?” The College of Veterinary Medicine at Michigan State University, https://cvm.msu.edu/vetschool-tails/pets-on-pot-just-high-or-highly-dangerous.
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Coelho, M. P. R. C., Leme, F. D. O. P., Moreira, F. A., Branco, S. E. M. T., Melo, M. M., & de Melo, E. G. (2021). Current review of hemp-based medicines in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 44, 870– 882. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.13016
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Caroline Coile, PhD. “Does CBD Work for Dogs?” American Kennel Club, 25 Oct. 2022, https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/does-cbd-work-for-dogs/.
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Gamble, Lauri-Jo, et al. “Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Clinical Efficacy of Cannabidiol Treatment in Osteoarthritic Dogs.” Frontiers, Frontiers, 2 July 2018, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2018.00165/full?fbclid=IwAR1S16ZSa-DktbvZ1wHFczaD_JV8Eg8mjQqtlNJi8Z0t0xpBGskl2J364no.
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Corsetti, Sara, et al. “Cannabis Sativa L. May Reduce Aggressive Behaviour towards Humans in Shelter Dogs.” Nature News, Nature Publishing Group, 2 Feb. 2021, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-82439-2.